Common Sense - 1980 Words

Omar El-Azhary 6 May 2012 Common Sense Making people understand a serious situation like America’s independence is not easy, but Thomas Paine was able to do so through his book, Common Sense. Thomas Paine was able to communicate his ideas to common simple farmers and to the high class intellectuals very easily. He lived at the time of the American Revolution, and Common Sense is one of his main publications that urged Americas’ independence from the British. Born in 1937, Thomas Paine was originally an English man to his father, and he holds radical views on religion which caused him criticism and so little people attending his funeral when he died at 1809. Paine live in a critical time, he lived in the time period that is the most†¦show more content†¦He argues in his book that it was one of the biggest mistakes in history to bring a monarchy succession. Paine thinks it is very important for people to understand that man originally was in the state of equality, which means that inequality was cause d by some certain circumstances which are in America’s case, the British occupation. Originally, there were no kings, until the ancient Jews demanded one, and from here it started. Paine considers this as a sin because god only should rule over the people. The ancient Jews asked the prophet Samuel to have a king, at first he tried to dissuade them, but he couldn’t. They insisted on having a king, until they had one. This story in Paine’s opinion must be known by everyone in order to understand what is happening in America, and why they should face it and stop it. A revolution must be held by people who understand the situation, and why it is wrong, Paine had the evidence to prove that the British in America is wrong, and that they must have no king and a heredity succession. Thus, they have to make a Revolution, which is the American Revolution, urging for America’s Independence. Paine even gives more and more evidence to prove that the monarchy and the heredity succession system is absolutely a mistake that must be fixed. He explains that the Bible is in opposition of the monarchy and heredity system. This means, Paine describes, that God is in opposition ofShow MoreRelatedThe Apology For Thomas Paines Common Sense749 Words   |  3 Pageswith a severe lack of common sense in the modern world is rapidly increasing. Without this common sense, the world turns into a mass of chaos and confusion. According to Merriam-Webster, common sense is defined by having sound and prudent judgment based on a simple perception of the situation or facts. Our world is in a grave and desperate drought of common sense, and the only way to quench this thirst is to reevaluate ourselves, our thoughts, and our practices. Common sense begins with respect forRead MoreCommon Sense1686 Words   |  7 Pagesthe years to follow his father’s trade. Paine didn’t do so well a t that either and he experimented with other jobs such as a privateer, an excise, and finally a journalist. Paine became an important figure publishing many of his works including â€Å"Common Sense†, an influential piece that pushed for independence, which was published in 1776 and followed by â€Å"The American Crisis†. Later in his lifetime, he was arrested for not supporting the execution of Louis XVI and was put away in jail for some timeRead MoreSubcultures Of Common Sense766 Words   |  4 Pagesby a car and the driver evacuates the scene. Is it common sense to file a police report or hunt down the perpetrator yourself? I believe most Americans will choose the former over the latter based on their perception of common sense. However, if someone chooses to seek retribution for the hit and run by themselves, do they then lack common sense or does their common sense merely differ from ours? The Merriam Webster dictionary defines common sense as a â€Å"sound and prudent judgment based on a simpleRead MoreCommon Sense Essay663 Words   |  3 PagesCommon Sense The persuasion towards independence represented through the pamphlet Common Sense, is largely effective. The work portrays the unjust treatment received by the colonies from the mother country, England. Thomas Paine begins with the creation of government, as lived by the colonist, and progresses to the wrongful acts administered by Parliament and the King of England. Finally, Thomas Paine gives confidence to the unity of the colonies, and details a forceful removal of EnglishRead MoreEssay on Common Sense1172 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Independence, Thomas Paine offers much advice in both Common Sense, and The Crisis. Paine offers very strong arguments in Common Sense, which are supported by his own reason, his sensibility, his common sense and by his ability to draw inference from what has already happened. Paine uses every element in his ability to help give more depth to his arguments and plans. However, of all the cases Thomas Paine makes in Common Sense, the ultimate g oal of Paine is to incite the American PublicRead More Common Sense Essay579 Words   |  3 Pages In Common Sense, by Thomas Paine writes that America cannot recon ciliate with Great Britain. Paine gives many examples in this document of why America cannot reconsolidates with Great Britain. One of them is there is no advantages to being connected to Great Britain; only disadvantages can come out of the connection and the second idea is British government must sooner or later end. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the first point about the connection with the British, Paine states that AmericaRead MoreCommon Sense Essay623 Words   |  3 PagesAfter reading excerpts from the pamphlet â€Å"Common Sense†, written by Thomas Paine in 1776, I developed a sense of understanding for many different aspects of the article. About a quarter of the way through, I found myself very much interested in what I was reading. However, I was interested to an extent where I felt as if I was living in the 18th century and I strongly agreed with everything Thomas Paine was saying. By the end of the reading, I felt overwhelmingly opposed to the British, and I wasRead More Common Sense Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pages Common Sense. By Thomas Paine. Edited with an Introduction by Isaac Kramnic. (New York: Penguin Books, 1986). amp;nbsp; amp;#9;Recently, I acquired a copy of Thomas Paine’s most recent patriotic pamphlet, entitled Common Sense. I was immediately interested in what Paine had to say in his new work, after such powerful previous works, such as The Crisis series. I was nothing less than astonished at how Paine so powerfully conveyed his patriotic message. Paine theorizes a split between EnglandRead MoreTheories Of The Common Sense960 Words   |  4 PagesQuestioning whether or not people make choices seems to be an arbitrary concept to ponder. Common sense causes one to believe that, of course, humans make choices daily. Even now, common sense dictates that it is a choice to read this paper or even for this paper to be written at all. However, according to one form of early philosophy, common sense has led society astray. Each event that occurs throughout the universe has causation such that one never acts of his or her own free will. This theoryRead MoreChild Care: As It Has Always Been in The Common Sense Guide to Baby and Child Care by Dr. Benjamin Spock1514 Words   |  7 PagesInitially published in 1845 by Dr. Benjamin Spock, The Common Sense Guide to Baby and Child Care revolutionized parenting, and thus, the upbringing of an entire generation and those following. As society changed, new editions of the original handbook emerged to fit the lifestyle of the current population. Dr. Spock wrote seven editions of The Common Sense Guide to Baby and Child Care alongside a prestigious pediatrician, Steven Parker, before his death in 1998. I read the ninth addition of the manual

A Bright Room Called Day by Tony Kushner - 678 Words

I saw the play â€Å"A Bright Room Called Day† by Tony Kushner on the 1st of November. I can say for sure that plays are always different and this play was completely different from the one we watched a couple weeks ago- â€Å"Rent†. This play is serious in its content , it is a specific historical play, which took place in Germany, more exactly Berlin, in the 1930s. The story is about five good friends during the time of the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party, the time before World War II. The story surrounded the main character- Agnes, who just loves her home and lives on her own and she thinks that everything will be alright as long as she stays away from negative influences. Representational and presentational acting can be seen in this play and helps us understand the character more. The characters acting I want to focus on is Vealtinc Husz, the lover of Agnes played by Chase Byrd. He is a one-eyed Hungarian director of movies, who moved to Berlin to became a part of the communist revolution party and ended up meeting the love of his life, Agnes. The main idea of his work, what he was interested in, was to promote propaganda art and also to develop some promotional ideas and changes in the communist community. Huszs problem (and maybe not the best side of his character)is that he talks more rather taking action. One type of acting shown by the character of Husz is representational. This type of acting is playing from the inside. Husz is a person who doesnt know a

Australian Export Opportunities to South Korea Free Essays

Australian Export Opportunities to South Korea Hasting Helical Francesca Carolina Moorage Ash Jane Decorum Cindy Guan Sophia Alai Introduction Where once, the South Korean society solely relied on the produce of their country as a source of goods, they are slowly turning towards imports from other nations, such as Australia for their goods and services. Australia is renowned for their agricultural excellence, and hence has become a major exporter of foods to South Korea. In this essay, discussions about how South Korean culture may influence the nature and the sessions made in regards to food consumption. We will write a custom essay sample on Australian Export Opportunities to South Korea or any similar topic only for you Order Now Additionally, the theories of family and social influence of Australia and South Korea will be applied, with an aim to reveal possible opportunities for the South Korean food industry to further improve its standings in South Korea. Family Family is one of the most important aspects in life for South Koreans. The Korean community is well-known for their large and tight knit families, with an average of 2. 97 persons per household, in comparison to an Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development (COED) average of 2. 63 in 2009 (COED, 2010). This is nearly due to the high level of multinationals families in Korea. Many Koreans regard the well-being of the family, as a whole, more important than that of individual members (ANTA, 2013). Food is also a predominant feature in the Korean culture; they often gather around for extravagant feasts with family and friends, especially on occasions such as New Years and Christmas. Therefore providing food to the family of the best quality is a high priority need. Traditionally, men of the South Korean society are the breadwinners of the family, while women tend to stay at home and take care of family matters. The female employment rate in Korea, at 52. %, in 2009 was below the COED average of 59. 6% (COED, 2010), therefore reflecting the homemaker role that women play in the family. In the eyes of the developed countries club (COED), South Korea is considered a arbitration, and despite the public policies that still uphold the patriarchal family system, the sex ratio (number of boys per 100 girls) has been remarkably decreasing in the last two decades. It seems that the drop in son preference was triggered by normative changes in the society, in comparison to individuals whose socioeconomic resistances had changed (Chunk Guppy, 2007). Therefore, a potential target market for women arises. At this rate, there is a strong possibility that more women in the South Korean society. Gender takes the centre stage of numerous brand narratives. Researchers conducted in Australia and New Zealand show that the female partner/wife is generally involved in the decision making process (Coffman et al, 2010). Keeping young singles/ married couples in perspective, marketers who used to target men are now targeting women through meaner of educating them about the importance of eating healthy, ND family well-being. For example, introduction of diet Pepsi or diet coke, was made to attract men towards diet soda, so that they could monitor their calorie intake. But this claimed to be unsuccessful. To the contrary, when women were targeted towards consuming lower calorie drinks like Dry. Pepper Ten, Pepsi Max, Coke Zero, etc. , it was observed that women were the major consumers, and they religiously rejected the notion that â€Å"diet cola [was] for men† and that â€Å"it’s not for women. (Avery, 2012) Social Influence Social influence marketing is composed of a combination of the use of social media ND the day-to-day interactions consumers go through which may impact purchase decisions made by buyers (Murray, 1991). Social media plays a large role in influencing consumers, as content created by everyday people is readily available online through blobs, forums, websites, social networks and flogs. Egg Product reviews on Youth. Consumers can also be influenced by their everyday exper iences and interactions with different people through word-of-mouth communication, viral marketing and buzz agents. Word-of-mouth communication is the result of consumers sharing information and personal experiences of products purchased tit friends, family, colleagues etc. This is one of the more effective ways of marketing as potential buyers are more likely to trust a close acquaintance over an advertisement (Longer, Henning ; Weidman, 2013). Word-of-mouth communication has dramatically increased over time in Australia with the use of social networking sites such as Faceable and Twitter. However, Faceable is not the social media site that is most popular among South Koreans as it has only 3. 6 million users. The most popular social networking site in South Korea is Keyword, which has 19 million unique visitors every month and generates 1. Billion views. Viral marketing is a combination of word-of-mouth communication and social media. This form of marketing is referred to as Moral† because once released, the information spreads like a virus to a large audience in a relatively small time frame. It provides an advantage for mass communication through social networks. As homogeneity is the main focus in South Korean culture this would largely affect the social influence on consumers and potential buyers, as the need for homogeneity would encourage and friends. The general population’s need for homogeneity paired with the powerful LOL of social networking will therefore result in viral marketing being a very effective meaner of socially influencing consumers in South Korea (Lee Trim, 2008). However this method would probably not be as successful in Australia due to the general culture being one that favors individualism and uniqueness as opposed to the idea of homogeneity, which is more widely accepted in South Korea. Buzz agents are consumers recruited by companies to aid in promoting their products. These agents endorse various products by encouraging other consumers to purchase certain products while out on shopping trips, by suggesting which products shop winner should carry that they do not already stock, and by taking certain products to large gatherings in order to promote them to a large audience (Coffman et al, 2010). This would be more effective in South Korea than Australia as the Korean culture embraces family and attachment, and South Koreans often host large gatherings for family and friends which can act as a platform for word-of-mouth communication as well as marketing via buzz agents. Export Opportunities Up to 70% of South Koreans food requirement relies purely on imported goods (Food Business, 2011). Due to a large focus on the wellbeing of Korean consumers, the organic food industry has seen a huge growth in South Korea (Mackinac, 2006). Consumers are interested in purchasing organic Australian products as they are perceived to be of high quality and safe for consumption, however should be reasonably priced in order to keep interest in Korean consumers. Haiku Australia successfully landed their biggest export deals to date for Australian-made organic retail goods to Korea, exporting a three hundred thousand dollar shipment of organic Someone noodles (Free, 2009). Recent changes in the food sector has seen a rise in the mount of consumer groups who take into consideration the image and quality of organic food when they are purchasing or planning meals (Food Business, 2011). The gradual development of the Bilateral Free Trade Agreement alongside a large and yet growing demand for organic products is seeing that Australia has more opportunities to export food to the South Korean region, where government regulations are great barriers for Australian exporters (Mackinac, 2006). Produced from high-quality wheat, Haiku Noodles Australia is an extremely successful exporter of noodles. Currently, they export a great amount of their goods o Korea with a statement from Sarah Woodward stating that the organization ‘received accolades for securing Australia’s largest export order for organic retail products (organic Someone noodles) to Korea’ (Wallboard 2009: 24). Success came upon the company as they assured their Korean consumers that their noodles were produced Without the use of chemical pesticides, herbicides or insecticides, food additives or genetically modified ingredients, creating a perception in the consumer’s mind of clean and safe food (Holstein 2012). Companies seeking the food industry in South Korea have great opportunities stressed, especially when taking a close look as dietary demands (Archives of Surgery: 2004). This trend has seen opportunity arise in meat, dairy and processed product food sectors (Holstein 2012). Additionally, as South Korea has such a low self- sufficiency rate in regards to food production, of only 26%, it is fair to assume that a country with such self-sufficiency rates rely on other countries with a high self- sufficiency rate to supply to provide products for their country (Holstein 2012). Although are attractive opportunities that are in this market, there are also barriers hat make it challenging to penetrate the market in South Korea. Such barriers include strict regulation that South Korea has concerning organic certification (Mackinac 2006), although this is seeking to be maintained with the Gaillardia Government’s efforts of negotiation with an aim to equalize the prospect of Australian companies exporting to Korea in order to be at the same standard and reputation as its greatest competitors, the United State and Europe by developing the Korea- Australia Free Trade Agreement in 2011 (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 2011). Networks with Korea will consequently be developed, maintained and threatened (201 1), including the reanalysis of correct regulations concerning export tariffs (ITS Global et al. 2008) South Korean life revolves mainly around family, being an important aspect of one’s life. It is a cultural aspect of a Korean family to have the father to be perceived as the breadwinner for the family. It is essential that Australian companies wishing to export deliver products that are not only of high quality, but satisfy the family as a whole rather than Just the individual consumer. Marketers also need to keep in mind the collectivist culture of South Korean families and consider it as a social unit. (Choc amp; Yon, 2001). A company can create the perception off family meal’ whilst looking at marketing strategies and campaigns. Social influence plays a significant role on the purchase decision made by consumers. In order for an Australian company to apply this theory into their exporting endeavourers could apply in their marketing technique by changing the image of their product. As the perception of organic food changes and becomes more desirable, people tend to agree with the opinions and desire of people around them. Creating a likeable brand allows for consumers loyal to your brand influence potential consumers around them. Conclusion Being a collectivist and family-oriented society, there is huge potential in the South Korean food industry for Australian exporters. South Koreans are increasingly becoming aware of the benefits of healthy eating, and providing that to their families and friends. How to cite Australian Export Opportunities to South Korea, Papers

Effectiveness Harmony Randomized Controlled â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Effectiveness Harmony Randomized Controlled? Answer: Introducation Hypertension or increased blood pressure is a major health problem today resulting in 7.5million deaths worldwide and 57million adjusted life styles (WHO, 2017). It is estimated based on current trends that by 2025, the number of people suffering from hypertension shall increase to 1.56 billion adults (Nejati et al. 2015). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure of normal adults should be within 90-120 mm Hg and 60-80 mm Hg respectively. Any increase in these respective values shall lead to hypertension and enhance the risks for cardiovascular disease and stroke (Karak et al. 2014). Hypertension can thus lead to morbidity and mortality. The manifestation of hypertension is not immediate but takes time to show symptoms like head and neck pain, pain in heart and chest region, shortness of breath, palpitation, and dizziness (Thakrar et al. 2016). This leads to late identification of the problem and progression into morbid conditions. Dietary changes, pharmacological therapies, and physical activity are suggested to treat hypertension and reduce blood pressure (Jain, 2016). The physical activity effectively modifies the lifestyle and complemented with medicines, assists the individual to manage blood pressure. Yoga does not have a universally accepted definition but the concept encircles around tradition of physical activity of engaging into control of breath, different postures withy specific rules and contracts (Blom et al. 2013). The benefits of Yoga are recognised worldwide and it is said to enhance the mental and physical health. Thus, this is suggested as a strategy for reducing blood pressure to normal levels for hypertensive adults. To critically evaluate the effectiveness of yoga on reduction of blood pressure among hypertensive adults. Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of hypertension in adults To assess prevalence among pre-hypertensive adults To evaluate the effect of yoga on hypertension Rationale Several studies have been conducted to suggest that yoga can improve the health and enable hypertensive adults to maintain a healthy lifestyle. There have been several instances of lifestyle modification in adults and aged people worldwide which can be dealt in a cost-effective manner with the help of yoga. This traditional technique which originated in India, 5000years ago can be thus useful for reduction of elevated levels of blood pressure (Wolff, 2016). Blood pressure is an extended part of the fight or flight response associated with anxiety, fear, stress, anger, excitement and anticipation which leads to activation of the sympathetic nervous system (Sujatha and Judie, 2014). It indicates that yoga can be of help since studies show it can regulate the various hormonal levels responsible for the flight or fight responses. The physical activities which comprise yoga can thus help reduce levels of blood pressure to normal in hypotensive adults. Significance The study is particularly significant since there are several reports on the effect on yoga on the holistic health development. Yoga is known to treat several ailments of body pain, gout, and hormonal imbalance (Fahmi and Sari, 2016) and so on but the effect of yoga on particularly health of individuals affected by hypertension from a systematic perspective has never been conducted. Context And Setting The study shall be conducted in with the adults, above 18years of age in perspective suffering from hypertension. The effect of yoga on their health and decrease in the level of original blood pressure or elevation would be assessed through this review that aims to critically analyse the impact of this age old tradition to modify the lifestyles of the hypertensive patients and linearize them with the normal lifestyle. Literature Review Hypertension is a significant risk factor that contributes to myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke and kidney disease. As per American Heart Association (2013), there has been 2.4 million in US in 2009, among which 348,102 died of hypertension (Chu et al. 2016). This incident particularly displays the prevalence which is widespread and is evident from the data. Though several medication and therapies have evolved in past decade, hypertension experts like Wahlstrom et al. (2017), Wolff (2016) and Cramer (2016) suggest through their studies that lifestyle modification and dietary changes may reflect as reduction of cholesterol levels, lowering of blood pressure and control of hormonal levels like thyroid, insulin etc. Pharmacological intervention to reduce the cases of hypertension and controlling it in case of chronic patients, whose lifestyles have ben drastically altered due to it has been widespread. Research bySantaella et al. (2014), suggests yoga can be a non-pharmacological intervention that may reduce the instances of morbidity or mortality caused due to hypertension. According to Mayer-Berger (2017), Yoga is defined as a non-pharmacological, lifestyle intervention which encompasses breathing meditation, that can be used as an effective tool to control blood pressure levels. Yoga originated in India, thousands of years back and has recently come into limelight through diligent promotion and due to its diverse health benefits. It is reported by Singh et al. (2016) that yoga is the natural remedy for different diseases. It reduces stress and activates the autonomic function by suppression of sympathetic activity. Studies by Das et al. (2015), Roche and Hesse (2014) evaluate the effect and yoga on hypertension and suggest that the consistent practice for long durations of time leads to lowering of blood pressure levels. The study was conducted for 6 months. Meta-analysis by Wolff et al. (2013) shows the effects of yoga on reducing blood pressure levels in patients with hypertension and pre-hypertension. The study uses 17 control and 17 experimental, who undertook rigorous yoga in a systematic manner by a registered practitioner and this study led to the demonstration of an 8mm Hg reduction in systolic blood pressure and 6mm Hg reduction in diastolic blood pressure. In case of pre-hypertensive adults, incorporation of pranayama in their yoga routine can be of benefit and efficiently assist them to control their blood pressure levels to normal. This may overall eliminate the chances of progression in stage I hypertension or delay the progression considerably (Hagins et al. 2014). Studies by Tyagi and Cohen (2014) indicated acute and long term effects of hatha yoga on regulation of blood pressure. This study opted for a methodology based on practice of hatha yoga by following an instructional yoga video by participants. The study resulted in an immediate acute increase in blood pressure because of the increase in heart rate due to physical activity. The cardiac output is increased due to the intensive breathing and movement related activity like Pranayama, Vajrasana, Dhanurasana, Ustrasana so on and so forth. The prehypertension and stage1 hypertension is increasing despite the introduction of several pharmacological interventions. Iyengar Yoga has been reported to be beneficial is reducing blood pressure by several researchers like Cramer (2014), Yadav (2016) and Posadzki (2014). But the trial leading to establishment of the fact that it can improve systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels and align it with the normal level came out of the randomised trial conducted by Wolff et al. (2013). 12 weeks of Iyengar Yoga could substantially reduce the blood pressure levels as compared to enhanced usual care (EUC). The EUC group was subjected to dietary controls and they showed decrease in levels of blood pressure as well. In case of Iyengar yoga however, there was no concomitant alteration in catecholamine or cortisol levels. Thus, the mechanism by which yoga helps the patients suffering from hypertension and prone to it is unknown but the effect is established by clinically significant dat a. The reduction shows up after constant yoga training for 12 weeks and not initially whereas the EUC results showed the blood pressure reduced gradually but to much lower extents, 3 mm Hg as compared to 6mm Hg at maxima. Yogic relaxation and techniques involving bio-feedback were used for treatment of 20 hypertensive patients in the study conducted by Tyagi and Cohen (2014). It showed that antihypertensive therapy can be drastically reduced to 33-60% as in the case of 7 patients or stopped in 5 patents. Some patients could not respond to the therapy but other responded and the overall results were positive. Among the 5 patients who completely stopped ant hypertension therapy, one derived certain indirect benefits as it led to relief of migraine and depression. Another study by Das et al. (2015) showed that using Shavasana can reduce the extent of hypertensive drug administration. The study involved 25 patients of essential hypertension. 20 patients of these were not subjected to any antihypertensive drug treatment whereas 5 were administered antihypertensive drugs before inclusion into the study. They were subjected to Shavasana and trained to perform it correctly. The training and administration of yoga continued for 6 months. Statistically significant decrease in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed in both groups. Thus, the study concluded that the inherent requirement of antihypertensive drugs can be completely eliminated by practicing Shavasana for therapeutic purposes. It may otherwise be used as an adjunct in hypertension treatment for patients who suffer from chronic hypertension. Studies by Mayer-Berger (2017) shows that yoga can successfully regulate the variables of hypertension. The patients of hypertension aged between 35-61 years of age were trained in yoga for 1 hour every day for 11 weeks and their levels or parameters like body weight, pulse rate and blood pressure were examined after the therapy. The control group here comprised on adults in that age group who took regular medication directed at lowering of hypertension. Results tested with ANCOVA showed that treatment stimulus, drugs and yoga can be effective for controlling the variables associated with hypertension. According to studies conducted by Wahlstrom et al. (2017), psychophysical relaxation can be attained through yoga but the effects are not retained if the practice is terminated. 20 patients were subjected to yoga for 12 months and age, sex matched controls were monitored along with them. Those undertaking yoga as a part of their lifestyle showed reduction or control over their blood pressure however those who were in the control group showed irregularities more often. Significant reduction in blood pressure was observed in the yoga group but absent in control. This further validates the point that yoga can be beneficial especially for patients suffering from hypertension. Criteria For Considering Studies For This Review The studies considered for this review were selected based on their relevance to the subject topic. Those that presented a scattered inconclusive form were not considered. For the ease of understanding, studies conducted and published in English were only considered. The data that showed statistical relevance were given priority and data presenting the prevalence in recent times conducted on patients exposed to the modern day environment were considered. The modern day environment has several factors that affect the epigenetic factors and the lifestyle of the patient thus recent studies conducted of them are more relevant. Non-randomised and preventive trials were excluded from the study. Furthermore, the studies based on normotensive and abstract articles in unrecognised journals and unreliable web sources were also excluded to conserve and enrich the value of systematic review. Project Design The study is based systematic review of literature encircling the efficacy of yoga as a therapy in hypertension. The secondary archived literature sources mentioned in relevant and reliable papers, journals and websites. The conceptual clarity of the project has been retained by review of qualitative and quantitative secondary research. The project was conducted by examining the methodological quality and appropriate considerations with stringency were imposed to remove bias of any sort in the review systems. The JBI critical appraisal tool was used and data extraction was conducted with the sole aim of establishing the relationship between yoga and hypertension conclusively. The impact of the same shall be evaluated by critical appraisal methods by extracting data from PUBMED, CINHAL, SCOPUS and Cochrane database of systematic Reviews that enables the comprehension to develop. The basis or mechanism of yoga affecting the sympathetic nervous system is explored through a combination o f studies that indicate the results of yoga could be enhancement of levels initially or reduction gradually in certain weeks. The project is thus designed in a methodical manner to critically analyse the merits and demerits of yoga and particularly emphasise on its effect on hypertensive adults. Methods Of Review To maintain the quality of the review, JBI critical appraisal tool was used. It enables the examination of methodological quality of any study and determines the bias in the study. The tool further enables the reprisal of bias in method of analysis which improves the quality of the study strategically. Data extraction was done through detailed analysis of renowned journals and articles that are credible and reliable in terms of medical concepts so that the data is relevant. The relevant data was then extracted and represented on word and referenced through the Harvard referencing technique. The proposed timeframe was abided by and proposal was composed in 2 weeks which required fundamental data extraction to formulate the strategy of research. Further expanded studies were conducted to find papers which were relevant and statistically significant enough to be considered to incorporation and examination under the current research. This study took 1 week time to evaluate and ascertain the quality appraisal. The further data extraction and review formulation as well as data synthesis subsequently took 2 weeks and construction of final report consumed a week for the complication of the wide range of the data so obtained for the current systematic review. Search Strategy The search strategy was implemented by using databases that confer assistance of finding the clinically relevant data on randomised trials directed at hypertension. The databases PUBMED, SCOPUS, CINHAL and Cochrane database of systematic Reviews were consulted with key words, hypertension, yoga and effectiveness to find and extract the data recently updated in these fields for the incorporation and inference extraction from the review. The systematic review has been strategically composed in accordance with the structure of report and specialised keywords like randomised trial, yoga postures for reduction of hypertension and impacts of yoga on hypertensive adults were used for extraction and search efficiency elevation. The strategic findings were then reviewed. Assessment Of Methodological Quality The methodological quality was ensured by inclusion of data from reliable sources and acknowledged journals and articles published in the aforementioned databases. The quality of the study was further evaluated by the reviewer based on the structure and methods that led to the conclusion. The relative intensity of research and statically relevance of the data was taken in to consideration while incorporation of the extracted data in to the current study. The overall outcome of this study was focussed on Yoga and it respective impact on hypertensive adults. Several randomised trials and qualitative data were taken in consideration for this. The reason for the strategic incorporation of the positivist theory and inclusion of reliable literature that discusses the fundamental effect of increases in variables of blood pressure is to constrict the study to these dependant variable, hypertension and independent variable, yoga. The systematic review has brought into light several insights that developed gradually as more pieces of studies were evaluated and compiled to produce the ultimate constructive review of the non-pharmacologic intervention of yoga on the lifestyle and medical requirements of the hypertensive adults, above the age of 18 who have developed the condition because of several causative reasons such as stress, anxiety and so on. The measures of the outcome were derived from both qualitative and quantitative achieved data. Results Yoga is an ancient form of exercise that helps the hypertensive adults to control their condition. Yoga has a holistic effect on the body and mind of the patients and in a yet undiscovered manner assists in lowering the systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels to normal. The requirement for medication and pharmacologic intervention can be completely eliminated by practising yoga according to some studies (Fahmi and Sari, 2016). However, other studies indicate that for chronic patients yoga can act as a supplementary method that helps them to keep the levels under control and reduce the systems and risk associated with morbidity (Wahlstrom et al. 2017). Hypertension is a part of the flight or fight response and thus rigorous physical activities can elevate the levels of blood pressure. Bothe the levels can substantially managed by employment of yoga according to Cramer (2016) but the study indicates there is subsequent effect on the catecholamine and cortisol levels that may be reflected as a lowering. However, yoga may induce changes in hormonal levels such as adrenaline involved in the fight or flight response thus leading to reduction of blood pressure and heart rate (Chu et al. 2016). Another contracting fact that deviates from the ideology that yoga affects the hormonal levels to regulate the blood pressure is that, initially the blood pressure rises and the heart rate is also substantially higher than usual but with proper asana like Shavasana, Iyengar yoga and Hastha asana the long term benefits of yoga are observed (Karak et al. 2014). The effects of yoga appear late as compared to diet induced control of hypertension. The resultant 6mmHg reduction in systolic and diastolic pressure occurs only after 11-12 weeks and not gradually as in EUC where initial lowering of 2mm Hg is observed and with increase in duration 3mm Hg is achieved (Santaella et al. 2014). The lowering is thus subjective. The mechanisms by which yoga benefits the hypertension patients are yet unknown but the effect is evident form this study. Several studies further indicate that the mortality and morbidity rates due to hypertension is relatively high in countries where obesity is prevent like US and thus Yogas effect on loss of weight concomitant with lowering of blood pressure may corroboratively contribute to the higher rate of reduction (Jain, 2016). Diet induced and pharmaceutical drug induced reduction of blood pressure is limited but the regulation can be achieved in a far more cost-effective manner with the use of yoga as an additional non-pharmacologic additive to the daily life of these individuals (Wolff, 2016). As for the pre-hypertensive individuals who are on the verge of adapting to a solely medicine based treatment of hypertension can adopt this strategy of performing yoga daily for hour to reduce the chances. Hypertension is seen to associate with heart attack, stroke, cardiac arrest, blockage and several other ailments that affect the lifestyle of the adults drastically. Yoga can help in the betterment of the lifestyle but the initial elevation of blood pressure levels on beginning the therapy must induce some problems if the patient is already suffering from a chronic heart condition (Das et al. 2015). Thus, the type of yoga must be administered with diligent care and not simply followed through any available tutorial. The hypertensive adults must specifically undertake Shavasana, Iyengar yoga and Hastha asana for controlling their blood pressure levels. These asana also render certain additional benefits in form of alleviation of migraine in certain individuals thus the practice should be widespread and suggested by physicians (Mayer-berger et al. 2017). The yogic practices that originally evolved in India today has spread into the world because of it wide applicability and health bene fits that are impossible to ignore. The advantages are enormous and specific asana can help alleviate the specific problems of every individual (Wang et al. 2013). However, caution must be exercised by patients of hypertension while practicing other forms of yoga that require rigorous activity or indulging in uncomfortable postures since they may induce an increase in the heart rate. Hence, practicing yoga is a subjective concept that is rapidly evolving to display the specific asana as that benefits the specific health conditions like hypertension. Yoga asana involves a plethora of postures and breathing techniques hence the specific yoga for hypertension, viz. Shavasana, Iyengar yoga and Hastha asana must be practiced by hypertensive adults and other asana must be practiced for additional ailments (Wang et al. 2013) with evident feedback from community or medical practitioners suggestion as they may be harmful for the hypertensive patients and lead to elevation of the levels which might have further repercussions on the health of the individual. Discussion Thus, the study conclusively states through a descriptive review based on the research articles that performed primary studies on hypertensive individuals, that yoga has an overall positive impact on the health of hypertensive patients if they are practising the right asana or postures. The correct postures practised for long terms like 11-12 weeks can lead to improvement of their condition and overall disabled lifestyle (Fahmi and Sari, 2016). Hypertension may perturb the normal lifestyle of patients suffering from it; reduce their life span by coercing them towards heart diseases and disorders that lead to attacks, stroke and cardiac arrests (Das et al. 2015). The pharmaceutical based intervention has proven to be effective but the cost-efficiency can be increased and the dosage of medicine can be substantially lowered by using yoga as an additive to the treatment of theses hypertensive adults (Wang et al. 2013). The modern day stress and work pressure as well as work-life imbalance and other environmental factors has affected the mental and physical health which is reflected as the increased number of hypertensive patients and the increased cases of morbidity or mortality because of hypertension (Mayer-berger et al. 2017). These hypertensive and the pre-hypertensive patients can thus be substantially assisted by using yoga as a lifestyle choice which consumes simply 1 hour a day for leading a healthier life. Conclusion The study aimed to illustrate and combine the varied studies conducted on yoga as an effective means of reducing blood pressure that describe the cumulative effects of diverse yoga postures on the health of hypertensive adults. For the purpose, a qualitative and quantitative secondary approach has been adopted where through constructive critical analysis and stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria implementation, certain articles and papers that concentrate their findings on the correlation of yoga and hypertension has been reviewed systematically for extraction of indispensible information to conclusively suggest the impact of yoga on hypertensive adults. Hypertensive adults can benefit drastically and the completely eliminate the usage of medication for controlling blood pressure from their lives by practising proper yoga postures like Shavasana, Iyengar yoga and Hastha asana that have recognised benefits in case of hypertension. The practice of yoga for long spans of time like 11-12 weeks can help in controlling blood pressure a lead to lowering of dosage in chronic hypertension patients. Those on the verge of developing it, pre-hypertensive patients may also be benefited by the practice of yoga and their case may arrest at that stage itself, further progression into hypertension can be prevented completely. However, certain studies have shown there is an increase in heart rate and blood pressure initially, thus the yoga postures must be practised with caution by hypertensive patients so that the therapy does not affect their wellbeing in any way and doesnt effectively lead to ailments like heart diseases and fatigue. Limitations Of Study The study has been mainly limited by the time and resources. There were several more studies that require paid access and thus could not be availed for the current study, furthermore the study has also been limited by the relevant sources of literature and exclusion criteria set by the researcher. Since, many articles have been discarded due to publishing in unrecognised journals and web sources for enhancing the quality of the current study. The study is thus primarily limited by time and secondarily by the databases comprised of research papers which lacked in terms of insightful reviews on the impact of yoga and more postures that could be employed for reduction of blood pressure. Recommendations Incorporation of yoga therapy as an adjunct to medicine based therapy for chronic hypertension patients shall be beneficial Guidance from medicinal practitioners based on the asana of yoga that may be of significant benefit to hypertensive and pre-hypertensive individuals must be provided after diagnosis. Hypertensive and the pre-hypertensive patients should be aware of using yoga as a lifestyle choice which consumes simply 1 hour a day for leading a healthier life. References Cramer, H., Haller, H., Lauche, R., Steckhan, N., Michalsen, A. and Dobos, G., 2014. A systematic review and meta-analysis of yoga for hypertension.American journal of hypertension,27(9), pp.1146-1151. Yadav, R., Yadav, R.K., Khadgawat, R. and Mehta, N., 2016. OS 28-06 BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF A 12-WEEK YOGA-BASED LIFESTYLE INTERVENTION ON CARDIO-METABOLIC RISK FACTORS AND ADIPOKINES IN SUBJECTS WITH PRE-HYPERTENSION OR HYPERTENSION.Journal of hypertension,34, p.e252. Posadzki, P., Cramer, H., Kuzdzal, A., Lee, M.S. and Ernst, E., 2014. Yoga for hypertension: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.Complementary Therapies in Medicine,22(3), pp.511-522. Tyagi, A. and Cohen, M., 2014. Yoga and hypertension: a systematic review.Alternative therapies in health and medicine,20(2), pp.32-59. Hagins, M., Rundle, A., Consedine, N.S. and Khalsa, S.B.S., 2014. A randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of yoga with an active control on ambulatory blood pressure in individuals with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension.The Journal of Clinical Hypertension,16(1), pp.54-62. Wolff, M., Rogers, K., Erdal, B., Chalmers, J.P., Sundquist, K. and Midlv, P., 2016. Impact of a short home-based yoga programme on blood pressure in patients with hypertension: a randomized controlled trial in primary care.Journal of human hypertension,30(10), pp.599-605. Singh, A.K., Malhotra, V., Tripathi, Y., Gupta, S. and Dhar, U., 2016. Yoga, Pranayama, Shav Asana, Hypertension, Cardiovascular Parameters, Isometric Hand Grip [IHG] Test.BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF YOGA ON CARDIOVASCULAR PARAMETERS TO ISOMETRIC HAND GRIP TEST., (15). Wolff, M., Sundquist, K., Lnn, S.L. and Midlv, P., 2013. Impact of yoga on blood pressure and quality of life in patients with hypertensiona controlled trial in primary care, matched for systolic blood pressure.BMC cardiovascular disorders,13(1), p.111. Roche, L.T. and Hesse, B.M., 2014. Application of an integrative yoga therapy programme in cases of essential arterial hypertension in public healthcare.Complementary therapies in clinical practice,20(4), pp.285-290. Das, D., Manik, R. and Gartia, R., 2015. EFFECTS OF INTEGRATED APPROACH OF YOGA (IAY) ON ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION.Hypertension,2(33), pp.4925-4938. Mayer-Berger, W., Pieper, C., Klemm, S. and Schroer, S., 2017, January. Secondary Prevention in Patients with arterial Hypertension for the sustained Implementation of a Yoga Intervention (Mind-Body-Therapy)-a randomized controlled Study. InZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOSOMATISCHE MEDIZIN UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE(Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 88-89). THEATERSTRASSE 13,, D-37073 GOTTINGEN, GERMANY: VANDENHOECK RUPRECHT. Cramer, H., 2016. The efficacy and safety of yoga in managing hypertension.Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology Diabetes,124(02), pp.65-70. Santaella, D.F., Lorenzi-Filho, G., Rodrigues, M.R., Tinucci, T., Malinauskas, A.P., Mion-Jnior, D., Montano, N. and Forjaz, C.L., 2014. Yoga Relaxation (savasana) decreases cardiac sympathovagal balance in hypertensive patients.MedicalExpress,1(5), pp.233-238. Wahlstrom, M., Rydell Karlsson, M., Medin, J. and Frykman, V., 2017. Effects of yoga in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillationa randomized controlled study.European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing,16(1), pp.57-63. Chu, P., Gotink, R.A., Yeh, G.Y., Goldie, S.J. and Hunink, M.M., 2016. The effectiveness of yoga in modifying risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of preventive cardiology,23(3), pp.291-307. Fahmi, M.M. and Sari, S.M., 2016. The Effectiveness Of Yoga To Decrease Blood Pressure In Elderly With Hypertension In Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah Nursing Homes Pekanbaru. WOLFF, M., 2016. Yoga as a treatment for hypertension in primary care. A quantitative and qualitative analysis conducted in Sweden. Nejati, S., Zahiroddin, A., Afrookhteh, G., Rahmani, S. and Hoveida, S., 2015. Effect of group mindfulness-based stress-reduction program and conscious yoga on lifestyle, coping strategies, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures in patients with hypertension.The Journal of Tehran University Heart Center,10(3), p.140. Karak, P., Banerjee, A. and Dasgupta, A., 2014. Holistic approach of yoga on blood pressure management.Indian Journal of Medical Research and Pharmaceutical Sciences,1(5), pp.17-20. Jain, S., 2016. Effect of 6 weeks pranava yoga training on cardiovascular parameters in prehypertensive young adults.Hypertension,8(10). Wang, J., Xiong, X. and Liu, W., 2013. Yoga for essential hypertension: a systematic review.PloS one,8(10), p.e76357. Thakrar, M.V., Helmersen, D.S., Hirani, N., Jackson, K., Lien, D.C. and Santana, M.J., 2016. A Multi-Centre Study on the Effects of Iyengar Yoga on Health Related Quality of Life in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation,35(4), pp.S50-S51. Blom, K., Baker, B., How, M., Dai, M., Irvine, J., Abbey, S., Abramson, B.L., Myers, M.G., Kiss, A., Perkins, N.J. and Tobe, S.W., 2013. Hypertension analysis of stress reduction using mindfulness meditation and yoga: results from the harmony randomized controlled trial.American journal of hypertension,27(1), pp.122-129. Sujatha, T. and Judie, A., 2014. Effectiveness of a 12-week yoga program on physiopsychological parameters in patients with hypertension.International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research,6(4), pp.329-335.

The Ride Essay Example For Students

The Ride Essay The RideIt was a beautiful day and definitely not forewarning of the events that would change my life. The warm Las Vegas sun was shining brightly in the blue and cloudless sky. A light breeze cooled the warm air just enough to stop the body from sweating. The breeze was clean and crisp that blew along with the scent of a spring day. The only noise was the roar of the engine as I twisted the throttle and accelerated through the twisted roads near my home. As everything raced by me, I felt a rush of adrenaline, then the fateful turn approached. I had taken the turn a hundred times before but today it would change my life. Around the turn would be my motorcycle accident that would cause me to take life much more seriously. We will write a custom essay on The Ride specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Before the accident my lifestyle was very fast paced. I spent almost all of my time with my friends going out to parties every night. My life was in control without any abusive habits, it was just fast paced and fun times with friends. Never being at home added to an already stressful family environment. My high school education suffered from too much fun and too little studying. My father made being at home a very uneasy feeling, making me want to stay away even more. He never took any time to help me with school, car or money. I always had to work to earn everything, the only thing I wasnt paying for was rent. In turn I wanted little to do with my father, stepmother or brother, never contributing or helping out. I even stopped going with them on vacations. The feelings I had were that I just wanted to be alone by myself, independent. For four months after the accident I was unable to do anything that I had previously done in the normal routine of my life. With a full leg and hand c ast I spent almost all my time during the four months recovering on the couch in the living room. I finished my junior year of high school at my bedroom desk. During this period I developed a lot of patience from the slow healing process of my bones. I also spent a great deal of time thinking, assessing, and contemplating my life and my future. Some of my thoughts were What was I doing with my life?, Where was I headed?, What was in my future for myself?, What did I want to do with my life?, How my family life was affecting me?, and many other personal issues dealing with my personality. While I was contemplating I realized that my life had no focus or direction. After several mentally stressful and depressive months, my life came into focus. After visiting my mom in Sacramento for a week, I realized living with my father was very negative for me.During that week I was totally happy and more than willing to try to help out around the house, even though I still wore a brace on my leg . Being treated differently with love and as a young adult, not a child, made all the difference. It was a very tough decision to move to Sacramento during my Senior year of high school and leave all my friends behind, but I could no longer live with my father. After moving to Sacramento, to live with my mother, I gained positive direction. Traveling in that same direction I have developed my future and career. Now I have a positive family life, which I have learned to value very much. Also I have slowly developed a better relationship with my father. I often go back to Las Vegas to visit my friends and my family. I still go out with my friends and have a good time. We still have a wild time, but not all of the time. We have all matured and found purpose and balance in our lives. I had no idea this event would dramatically change my life, my future, the way I think, and the events to come into my life. I am not certain that it was for the best or the worst, because I do not know what events would have followed if I did not drive around that turn. One thing for certain I would not be here in Sacramento, where I have a great life and have developed a promising successful career. I might still be riding through those corners in Las Vegas, livi ng fast and carefree. Perhaps that turn put my life in the right direction. I know now that I have a greater appreciation for life and I have learned what the more important aspects of ones life are. I attribute most of the changes in my attitude and my accomplishments to my mom. She has always been there for me with unconditional love and positive support of me as a person. My accident and the events that followed changed me. I now take life more serious and know that having a family that cares about you and loves you is the most valuable asset one can possess. .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598 , .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598 .postImageUrl , .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598 , .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598:hover , .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598:visited , .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598:active { border:0!important; } .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598:active , .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598 .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u60ed88ceaee3d50d83b57772437e0598:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on The Kite Runner And A Separate Peace EssayCategory: Biographies

A Brief History of Women in Higher Education

A Brief History of Women in Higher Education While more women than men have attended college in the U.S. since the late 1970s, female students were largely prevented from pursuing higher education until the 19th century. Before then, female seminaries were the primary alternative for women who wished to earn a higher degree. But women’s rights activists fought for higher education for female students, and college campuses turned out to be fertile ground for gender equality activism. Female Grads During the 17th and 18th Centuries Before the formal desegregation of mens and womens higher education, a small number of women graduated from universities. Most were from wealthy or well-educated families, and the oldest examples of such women can be found in Europe. Juliana Morell earned a law doctorate in Spain in 1608.Anna Maria van Schurman attended the university at Utrecht, Netherlands, in 1636.Ursula Agricola and Maria Jonae Palmgren were admitted to college in Sweden in 1644.Elena Cornaro Piscopia earned a doctor of philosophy degree at the University of Padua, Italy, in 1678.Laura Bassi earned a doctor of philosophy degree at the University of Bologna, Italy, in 1732, and then became the first woman to teach in an official capacity at any European University.Cristina Roccati received a university degree in Italy in 1751.Aurora Liljenroth graduated from college in Sweden in 1788, the first woman to do so. U.S. Seminaries Educated Women in the 1700s In 1742, the Bethlehem Female Seminary was established in Germantown, Pennsylvania, becoming the first institute of higher education for women in the United States. It was founded by the Countess Benigna von Zinzendorf, daughter of Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf, under his sponsorship. She was only 17 years old at the time.  In 1863, the state officially recognized the institution as a college and the college was then permitted to issue bachelor’s degrees. In 1913, the college was renamed the Moravian Seminary and College for Women, and, later, the institution became co-educational. Thirty years after Bethlehem opened, the Moravian sisters founded Salem College in North Carolina. It since became the Salem Female Academy and is still open today. Womens Higher Ed at the Turn of the 18th Century In 1792, Sarah Pierce founded the Litchfield Female Academy in Connecticut. The Rev. Lyman Beecher (father of Catherine Beecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Isabella Beecher Hooker) was among the lecturers at the school, part of the republican motherhood ideological trend. The school focused on educating women so that they could be responsible for raising an educated citizenry. Eleven years after Litchfield was established, Bradford Academy in Bradford, Massachusetts, began admitting women. Fourteen men and 37 women graduated in the first class of students. In 1837, the school changed its focus to only admit women.   Options for Women During the 1820s In 1821, Clinton Female Seminary opened; it would later merge into the Georgia Female College. Two years later, Catharine Beecher founded the Hartford Female Seminary, but the school did not survive beyond the 19th century. Beechers sister, writer Harriet Beecher Stowe, was a student at Hartford Female Seminary and later a teacher there.  Fanny Fern, a children’s author, and newspaper columnist, also graduated from Hartford. Lindon Wood School for Girls was founded in 1827 and continued as Lindenwood University. This was the first school of higher education for women that was located west of the Mississippi. The next year, Zilpah Grant founded Ipswich Academy, with Mary Lyon as an early principal. The purpose of the school was to prepare young women to be missionaries and teachers. The school took the name Ipswich Female Seminary in 1848 and operated until 1876. In 1834, Mary Lyon established the Wheaton Female Seminary in Norton, Massachusetts. She then started the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley, Massachusetts, in 1837. Mount Holyoke received a collegiate charter in 1888, and today the schools are known as Wheaton College and Mount Holyoke College. Schools for Female Students During the 1830s Columbia Female Academy opened in 1833. It later became a full college and exists today as Stephens College. Now called Wesleyan, Georgia Female College was created in 1836 specifically so women could earn bachelor’s degrees. The following year, St. Mary’s Hall was founded in New Jersey as a female seminary. It is today a pre-K through high school named Doane Academy. More Inclusive Higher Ed From the 1850s Onward In 1849, Elizabeth Blackwell graduated from Geneva Medical College in Geneva, New York. She was the first woman in America admitted to a medical school and the first in the United States to receive a medical degree. The next year, Lucy Sessions made history when she graduated with a literary degree from Oberlin College in Ohio. She became the First African-American female college graduate. Oberlin was founded in 1833 and admitted four women as full students in 1837.  Only a few years later, more than a third (but less than half) of the student body were women. After Sessions earned her history-making degree from Oberlin, Mary Jane Patterson, in 1862, became the first African-American woman to earn a bachelors degree. Higher education opportunities for women really expanded during the late 1800s. The Ivy League colleges had been solely available to male students, but companion colleges for women, known as the Seven Sisters, were founded from 1837 to 1889.

Sample Populations Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sample Populations - Speech or Presentation Example Can one person’s views be representative of the collective view of several employees, as was in this case? Could the single employee surveyed truly represent the larger population? The answer to both is most certainly no. Different employees perform different roles in the organisation and as such are exposed to different external stimuli that shape their opinions and experiences with the organisation. In statistics there are two components of validity – external validity and internal validity – that are used to see whether a particular study is valid or not, where a valid research is that which uncovers principles and facts that explain or predict (Marion, 2004). In this instance, the sample of a single employee fails the external validity criteria. According to Trochim and Donnelly (2006), external validity refers to the extent to which the conclusions in this study would hold for other employees in other places and at other times. This survey violates all t hree threats to external validity which are people, places and times. The single employee selected for this survey could have been selected for being an extraordinary candidate (person) or he/she could have been selected because he works under marketing planning (place) or the results are only true because the surveyed employee works in the early morning shift (time). Lastly, a sample is a part of a whole which means that for one to generalize the results from the sample have to be extrapolated which leads to two kinds of errors: sampling errors and non-sampling errors (Freedman, n.d.). Sampling error results when we get a few too many units of one kind, and not enough of another. In this instance where we have only one employee as the sample, sampling error is very high. On the other hand, non-sampling error – often referred to as bias – is also high because of selection bias and response bias. Selection bias is a big issue here because there is no indication that t he employee was chosen randomly. Though not guaranteed we also believe that in this instance the response bias would be high because the interviewer could easily have led the respondent to influence the results. Recommended actions to correct inadequacies in the sample To correct the inadequacies of the sample above the first activity would be to select a sample fairly to represent the population which in this case is the company. According to Freedman (n.d.) the best methods for choosing a sample involve use of probability methods. Probability samples minimize bias which is a serious problem in applied work. To draw a probability sample start by identifying the population of interest then create the list of units to be sampled (sampling frame). Considering that a company often has a structure that defines employees either by function (e.g. accounts, human resource, manufacturing etc.) or job group we would suggest use of stratified random sampling. Here, we would first divide the company’s employees (population) by say function or department or shift (into homogeneous groups) then take a simple random sample in each group. According to Trochim and Donnelly (2006) the key benefits of stratified random sampling are: (1) it will ensure that not only the entire population is represented but that key subgroups are

Virginia Deer Management Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Virginia Deer Management Plan - Essay Example In Virginia, the augmented rate of deer has been of a major consideration towards the ecosystem of the state. The state has been facing issues in relation to the over-population of deer. The increased ratio of deer population has resulted in hampering the ecosystem of the state. Moreover, deer are also seemed to be accountable for negatively affecting the economic condition of the state owing to damages made in gardens, crops along with trees. Deer are also identified to be of immense threat for road accidents in the highways. In this regard, the ‘Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries’ (VDGIF) has been facing considerable challenges owing to the differential interests of the citizens. The board members of the VDGIF are mostly concerned about white-tailed deer as compared to other wildlife species in the state. White-tailed deer has been considered mostly, as it is determined as one of the most famous game species. On the other hand, white-tailed deer has been associated with deferent implications that include public safety concerns and impact on the ecosystem. Contextually, the management of VDGIF with different interests from the citizens in relation to white-tailed deer faced challenges in developing appropriate deer management plan in accordance with which deer population might me managed effectively. In this respect, the major functions of the VDGIF include public education, regulatory powers, protecting wildlife resources and law enforcement.

University level Statistics Maths problem Speech or Presentation

University level Statistics Maths problem - Speech or Presentation Example Q1. (vi) The data points outside the range [Q1-1.5*IQR, Q3+1.5*IQR] are termed as outliers. For the dataset this range is [6.5, 82.5]. As there is no data point outside of this range. Hence there are no outliers. Q2 (ii) He should definitely construct two frequency histograms. Only then he will be able to visualize the true picture of the difference in capabilities of the two sexes in solving the mental rotation problems. (a) A histogram of a variable and residual should be drawn. If the histogram of the variables shows rough normality and that of residuals show normality then it is taken as an evidence of normality. (http://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/PA765/assumpt.htm) (b) Kolmogorov-Smirnov D test or K-S Lilliefors test, is a test of normality for large samples. This test is available in SPSS under Analyze, Descriptive Statistics, Explore, Plots. Here one needs to check "Normality plots with

Risk and Joint Ventures: Questions and Answers

Risk and Joint Ventures: Questions and Answers Table of Contents (Jump to) There are four types of international risks. Namely (a) Cross-cultural risk; (b) Country risk; (c) Currency risk and (d) commercial risk. Briefly describe each these risks. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of a joint-venture or strategic partnership. Why is air transportation and air express so widely used in exporting when ocean transportation is much cheaper? Entering a new market through licensing is generally the best strategy because market potentials can be tested with little or no investment. Comment. Briefly explain why has international trade in agricultural products been expanding at a slower rate than exports of manufacturing goods? A multinational firm needs to have complete control over its subsidiaries in order to make optimum use of its resources and compete most effectively. Comment. References There are four types of international risks. Namely (a) Cross-cultural risk; (b) Country risk; (c) Currency risk and (d) commercial risk. Briefly describe each these risks. Cross cultural risk: Cross cultural risk identifies the risk of adjustment of different two cultures. In international business sectors most of the time mangers send their skilled and intelligent employees to the foreign sectors so that they can play a vital role in the business purpose. But sometimes employees as well as manager fail to understand the local need and demand through their cultural pattern (Moore, 1983). Then they cannot adjust with their foreign environment. They may find food dissimilarity, life style problem and many others think. Country risk: Country risk is a term which is used to define the probable risk of investing in foreign country. In the field of international or global marketing company has to invest a lot of money in the foreign country. But some time the government or local people may go against the company. So in consequences the company has to scarify their profit or even investment. Mass riot or social and economical unrest of the country bring enormous loss. Currency risk: Currency risk is also popularly known as foreign exchange risk. In the sector of international marketing a fixed price is always set by the two sectors to import or export. But due to natural disasters and international pressure this fixed priced can be highly modified. So one of the two sides has to carry the loss. Domestic inflation and economic unrest will affect this sector badly. Commercial risk: Commercial risk is the uncertainty or the probability of the return of the investment in the foreign country. In the field of international business all companies forecast their probable rate of return or the profit so they can understand their future in the market (Pearson, 1987). But duo to political unrest, change in the consumers living stander and the modification of the government regulation may affect it badly. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of a joint-venture or strategic partnership. Advantage of the joint venture Joint venture is the recent innovative and effective way of get together of two companies. It provides a lot of facilities to both sides that’s why the number of joint venture companies is increasing day by day. It offers both company to use their innovation and technological advancement. It also provides opportunity to use others regional market place. So the number of consumers will increase. As innovative ideas are bring out more in this sectors proficiency can be achieved through new technological improvement (Hall, 1984). The joint venture helps both companies to use greater natural resources, and more expert employees. That will surely increase their production amount. It also offers to their partners to share their mutual risk. Another important advantage is being elastic in the market place.Any company can act to their consumers quickly and thoroughly through joint venture. Joint venture also helps to understand the new market quickly and easily. Disadvantage of joint venture: Some demerits are also associated with the joint venture production. It is very hard and nearly impossible to find a suitable partner for the joint venture. It takes too many time and efforts to find appropriate joint venture partner. Behind reasons of this problem may be a lot. Unclear aims of the joint venture section may be the first reason. Then all parties may not be interested to the aim. The aims of the joint venture have to be very corresponding otherwise no one will show interest. Disparity of the resources and the imbalance of the technological advancement are also effective reasons not to be a part of joint venture (Paakkunainen, 1992). Dissimilarity and the poor administration system also pave the discouragement of joint venture. Lack of thorough research and poor maintenance system are also responsible for this. Why is air transportation and air express so widely used in exporting when ocean transportation is much cheaper? Transportation is the biggest part of modern international business sectors. Quick response, cheap cost and the arrival power of remote area are the crucial factors of transportation sectors. Considering all other system it can be easily said air transportation system is used regularly and increasingly. The reasons behind this are many. Quick response is the most important and effective criterion in this sectors. All medical equipments and medicine are mostly transported through air express because of their call to reach necessity. Another important factor is remote area reaching power (Puffer, 1941). All electronic and perishable goods are transported by air express. It also carries the products time value and necessity. For quick response the customer can get the latest product and service so they prefer the new one rather than old one. So to grab new growing market most of the retailers like air express. So for fragile and luxury product air express is must. On the other hand sea transportations are cheap but so time consuming. And product like daily commodities and unnecessary product are transported through sea transportation. It takes three to four days for delivering some products on the other hand air express will take few hours to reach the place. Bad and unpredictable weather is another reason of decreasing s the use of sea transportation. Recently the pirates’ problem has increased in an alarming rate so merchandisers like air express over sea transportation (Bailey, 2009). It is very hard to trace the delivery in sea transportation which is another reason of discouraging sea shipment. Entering a new market through licensing is generally the best strategy because market potentials can be tested with little or no investment. Comment. Licensing is a widely used term in the field of international marketing. Specifically licensing is the process of granting application or permitting other party to use own intellectual property like logo, trademark, motto and some other brand name. The party who granted permission to use is called licensor and the other party who get the permission of using this property is known as licensee. Actually licensing is a good term for the new comer in the business sectors. Very few people trust the new comer in the international business sectors. So it is so tough for them to stay on business.Moreover new environment and new customers’ attitude take a tough test from the new comer (Sherman, 1999). So to explore the full recourse of the local environment and become popular in entering position licensing is the best process. Another important and crucial help to company is to pave the pipe to do business with readymade customer and with their trust.Licensing also helps his partner by proving the free advertising which can be very costly and ineffective. So automatically they will get new and potential customer to serve and get reputation. So all the way licensing provide critical facilities like present and future customer, free adverting and market goodwill with little or without any money cost. Briefly explain why has international trade in agricultural products been expanding at a slower rate than exports of manufacturing goods? In modern business sectors all products and services are included in international marketing. They can be divided in two categories. First may be agricultural products and the second can be manufacturing products. But comparing with manufacturing products, agricultural products are exported in a minimal rate. The main reasons behind this are the customers living pattern. Mainly agricultural products are the main base of their livelihood. They cannot easily change it. Or they are not interested to change it. So all their necessary livelihood things are produced by ones native country (Foley, 1999). And they are produced in a high amount. So they don’t need to import them from other country. And another reason of slow export ratio is that the agricultural products are not so suitable to store for a long transportation without using comical which is highly unhygienic for health. So no country wants to depend on others about their main agricultural food. They try to produce them a ll by themselves. Another reason may be profitable side. Agricultural products may not be so profitable for the exporter. It cost a lot to produce but the cost is nearly similar to the entire county throughout the world. Agricultural products take long time to be produced and need more space. On the other hand manufacturing products provide the competitive advantage to the manufacturer. They can be produced a lot if amount in short time by dent of improved technology. That can be produced after the export order and it take short time to deliver. They can be stored for a long time. And also their transportation facility is easy (Paul, 2008). So considering all those factors the manufacturing products get higher priority to export. A multinational firm needs to have complete control over its subsidiaries in order to make optimum use of its resources and compete most effectively. Comment. Multinational corporations (MNCs) are corporations found in one country but activate throughout the world with permanent amenities and workers in numerous countryside. A few types of multinational companies are Industrial corporations that produce goods and sell them in a variety of countries for example cars, electronics. So the main company is called parent company and the host company is called subsidiary company. Main company holds the authority to negotiate and implement power and the subsidiaries are bound to follow the rules. At the same time the subsidiaries company have to able to amplify their capability. But it is so important that parent company have to have full control over Subseries Company. Otherwise subsidiary companies will loss the power to produce the best. The host companies have to follow the host nation’s regulation and the profitability of the parents companies. So the full control over Subsidiaries Company will provide enough power to negotiate the hos t government. And some time the host country try to lure the parents company’s investment and authority so proper control over host help to stop this. Some time parent companies have to cut the extra staff and operating cost to maximize profitability. So without enough power no one can do it. And to explore the employees most talent and to train them the parent company need such power. (Tsurumi, 1977). So the parent companies always try to explore the best of the host country. They can use the natural resources best and can meet the all customers demand in a favorable way. References Bailey, G. (2009). Sea transportation. Pleasantville, NY: Gareth Stevens Pub. Foley, J. (1999). The global entrepreneur. Chicago, IL: Dearborn. Hall, R. (1984). The international joint venture. New York: Praeger. Moore, P. (1983). The business of risk. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press. Paakkunainen, U. (1992). Joint venture decision. Helsinki: Helsingin Kauppakorkeakoulun Kuvalaitos. Paul, J. and Aserkar, R. (2008). Export import management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pearson, C. (1987). Multinational corporations, environment, and the Third World. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Puffer, C. (1941). Air transportation. Philadelphia: Blakiston Co. Sherman, A. (1999). Franchising licensing. New York: AMACOM. Tsurumi, Y. and Graham, E. (1977). Multinational management. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Pub. Co.

Eva Luna and A Dolls House: The Nature Of Power Essay -- A Dolls Hous

Discuss the nature of power explored in the texts, Eva Luna, and A Doll’s House In the two texts Eva Luna, and A Doll’s House, by Isabel Allende and Henrik Ibsen respectively, there are various people who have power over others. However this power comes in a number of forms, different characters use it for different purposes, and the ways the characters achieve it also differs. These different natures of power allow some people to succeed where others fail, and it is those who succeed that, in the end, have the true power. In the novel Eva Luna, there are various people who are in positions of power. The one who is the most obvious to the reader is the General; a dictator. He has the power to control and manipulate others to do as he wants, in order to benefit himself. His power comes about through the use of force, violence, propaganda, and persuasive tactics. He can control people, but it is only because they fear him. There is no feeling by the people he has power over, that he deserves it, they have no respect for him, and so without his armies, his power is meaningless. Rolf Carle’s father in Eva Luna parallels this nature of power. Lucas Carle has total control over his wife and children, to the point where he treats his wife more like a prostitute, and his children hide from him when he comes home because they fear a beating from him. It is this fear of being punished if one does not obey that gives Lucas Carle his power, and as in the case of the General, if the only reason to give in to someone’s power is fear of the consequences if one doesn’t, then this power gains no respect from those it affects. The kind of power that the General possesses is totally different to that of Eva herself. Both of them are able to change people, however, where the General changes people through the force he puts onto them, Eva changes people from the inside. She is able to change people by bringing out what is already inside of them, and of herself. She does this by focusing on the positive parts of any situation, and in this way inspiring hope. Her power is based on having the courage to rise up against her oppressors, and the ability to lead others by evoking feeling and passion within them, instead of a power based on the fear of the consequences of not conforming. She doesn’t need an army behind her to enforce her ideas; people are drawn to her. One ... ...verse circumstances, but through their self-determination, they are able to triumph over these circumstances, and gain the power they lacked at the beginning of their journeys. I believe that the authors of these texts are putting forward the message that true power is something that is innate in people, not something that can be achieved in the ways that the General, and Lucas Carle did. Where the power lies in a certain situation is not always where it first seems most obvious. In these two texts there are different people who posses different forms of power in society. There are those who force ideas upon others, and who only wish to benefit themselves, and seek absolute power, but there are also those who have power because they are able to communicate to the core of other people, and they are able to give people the courage to stand up for what they believe. These are the people who have the true power, and who, in these two texts, eventually, in one way or another succeed. Bibliography: 1) Isabel Allende, Eva Luna, Alfred A. Knopf (trans), (New York; Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1988) 2) Henrik Ibsen, A Doll’s House, Michael Meyer (trans), (London; Methuen Drama, 1985)